Sunday, May 12, 2013


The delay in sending this could not be avoided: Jigme N Kazi

HIMALAYAN GUARDIAN     Wednesday April  17-23, 2013  
Hollywood star Richard Gere, US senators may visit Gangtok next week

Gangtok, April 16: Hollywood superstar Richard Gere and some US senators may visit Sikkim next week to attend the wedding of the daughter of a prominent Tibetan leader.
Sources said the wedding is due to take place in Gangtok on April 24. This will be Gere’s first visit to the tiny Himalayan State if ever the visit comes through.
A lot of preparations are on for the star-studded wedding, it is learnt. Gere, a longtime Buddhist and friend of the Dalai Lama, is also one of the leading supporters of the Tibetan cause.
There is likely to be a seminar on Buddhism in Gangtok during Gere’s visit, sources said.
Top Chinese leader meets Panchen Lama
Stresses on unity of ethnic groups in China

Panchen Lama with Chinese leader Bainqen Erdini Qoigyijabu in Beijing last Friday (right)

Beijing, April 16: China's top political advisor on Friday met the 11th Panchen Lama, , a spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism, in Beijing's Great Hall of the People.
Yu Zhengsheng, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the country's top political advisory body, heard a report by the Panchen Lama on his life and work since he was enthroned in 1995, Xinhua reported.
The 11th Panchen Lama told Yu that he will carry forward his predecessors' long-upheld tradition of patriotism and love of the religion, and stick to his duties of serving believers. He said he will live up to the expectations of the country.
Yu, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, praised and congratulated the Panchen Lama on his marked progress in Buddhist research and cultural and ethic aspects. He noted that his guest has behaved in a good style as a Living Buddha of Tibetan Buddhism.
Social prosperity and stability is important for the healthy development of the religion, according to Yu.
He said Tibetan Buddhist circles should follow Buddhist doctrines and abide by the law, thus playing a positive role in the economic and social development of Tibet Autonomous Region as well as Tibetan-inhabited regions in the four provinces of Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai and Yunnan.
Yu expressed hope that the Panchen Lama will further efforts in not only research of academic works on Buddhist doctrines but also science and cultural learning. He called on the Panchen Lama to remain concerned about the motherland and its people and resolutely safeguard national unification and the unity of all ethnic groups.
The Panchen Lama, who turned 23 in February, was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee last month.
Editorial
HIMALAYAN RIVERS
Taking A New Look
The great Himalayan rivers of South Asia, particularly the Ganges and Brahmaputra, have been the subject of five decades of discussion between governments of the region. While the discussions have continued, these rivers have contributed, through flood and drought, to the uncertainty and impoverishment of the lives of the largest concentration of poor people anywhere in the world. Their chances for prosperity can be increased by harnessing the potential of these rivers for irrigation and power, by controlling their perils (such as floods), and managing them in the face of increasing demands and threats to supplies from climate change.
A set of climatic and social changes has transformed the context for cooperation over the Himalayan rivers. Previous negotiations engaged rivers on the assumption that these waterways had stable futures, that social interaction with the rivers was guided by the demands of agrarian economies and that transboundary negotiations could be approached through traditional diplomacy. At the beginning of the 21st century, these three assumptions have changed. Glacial melting and climate change have undermined the assumption that these rivers hold a stable future. The rapid growth of industrial economies in India and China will change the predominant social demands on the rivers from those of agrarian societies to those of industrial ones, and will insert China as a possible major player in the discussion. Government diplomacy is expanding to include commercial actors and is deepening through the rise of civil-society interactions.
Search for the “Lost Tribe of Tibetan Pygmies”

Since his exploration of the world’s deepest canyon in Tibet in the 1990’s, Richard Fisher has been researching the existence of an unknown tribe of Mongolide pygmies in the tri-border region of China, Tibet, and Myanmar. This year, Fisher has confirmed that a unique tribe of pygmies, the T’rung, lives in the Dulongjiang Canyon of Tibet, hidden from the outside and unknown by the western world until now. Today there are over 5,000 T’rung people living in six designated villages within the canyon.
Formerly, the Taron (T’rung) tribe of Myanmar/Burma was scientifically defined as the only tribe of Mongolide pygmies after its discovery in the 1960s. By the 1990s, scientists claimed that the tribe was near extinction, having succumbed to genetic diseases. At the same time, Fisher had encountered families in the Dulongjuiang Canyon area that were extremely short in stature, yet otherwise perfectly formed humans. When he learned about the Taron pygmies in 2004, he decided further research was needed to learn if other similar tribes existed in the area.
The T’rung are a peaceful people; they are increasingly educated, provided with basic health care , and as tribes across the world have done, are increasingly looking to and integrating into the outside world.
The images from the Dulongjiang Canyon and T’rung people offer us a glimpse into an untouched and fascinating world most of us have never seen. Documenting the images and customs of this tribe is essential to preserving the history of these people. In recent years, the T’rung have begun to have more substantial contact with the outside world. In addition, the T’rung people are increasingly intermarrying with other ethnic groups.
Time is of the essence to record the history and culture of this unique tribe. Not only will this encourage the sharing of human experience, but the micro-population of this isolated canyon also allows us to learn more about the process of human evolution. It is important to document this unique world and its people while we still can. (http://research.calacademy.org/calwild/2003fall/stories/burma.html)
Landowners’ threat stops Prez from laying foundation stone for Sikkim University in Yangang

Gangtok, April 16: The foundation stone laying ceremony of Sikkim University at its campus in Yangang, South district, by President Pranab Mukherjee, scheduled for today, was abruptly cancelled at the last moment.
While the authorities say this was because of lack of adequate space at the helipad in Yangang for the choppers to land the main reason could be threat given by some local residents of Yangang to register their protest against the State Government on issues relating to resettlement and employment of landowners during the President’s visit.
However, a symbolic laying of the foundation stone ceremony, which was officially declared as a “token” function, was held in Gangtok at Manan Kendra by the President on Tuesday.
Speaking on the occasion, Mukherjee said Sikkim University has the potential to emerge as a hub of knowledge, research and innovation for countries of South East Asia as well as rest of India.
He recollected the great universities of ancient India which attracted students and teachers from across the world and said India can resume its ancient glory if we give sufficient emphasis to education.


President Pranab Mukherjee unveiling the plaque at the foundation stone laying ceremony of Sikkim University at Manan Kendra, Gangtok, on April 16, 2013. (PIB)

Mukherjee called upon the authorities, students and faculty of Sikkim University to play a leading role in taking the university into the ranks of the best in the world.
A section of landowners from Yangang on Friday threatened to go on hunger strike on the eve and during Mukherjee’s visit to Yangang. Mukherjee was supposed to lay the foundation stone during his visit to the State today. He only visited Namchi and Gangtok.
 “We again appeal the State government and Chief Minister Pawan Chamling to fulfill the promises given four years ago to the landowners of Yangyang before the private holdings were acquired for the university. If the State government continues to play with our future and demands, we will strongly protest against the government during the foundation stone laying function”, said Sunil Rai and other eight landowners.
“The protest is not against the President and the function but against the State government. The protest would start from April 15 with a fast. We will not vacate our lands until the promises made to us are fulfilled by the State government”, said the landowners.
They recalled that the State Government had promised suitable compensation, rehabilitation within Yangang and permanent employment in the university for members of those families whose lands were acquired.
Panel has misled govt on Tashiding power project
Tseten Tashi Bhutia

Gangtok, April 16: Former Minister and Convenor of Sikkim Bhutia-Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC), Tseten Tashi Bhutia, has reiterated his demand for scrapping of the ‘anti-Buddhist’ 97 MW Tashiding hydro project in West Sikkim.
In a press statement, Bhutia has challenged Law Secretary RK Purkayastha’s recommendation to the State Government that since Rs 150 crores have already been spent on the project it may not be advisable to stop it at this stage.
SIBLAC chief said bureaucrats such as Purkayastha was misguiding the government. He said prominent religious figures of the State such as Dodupchen Rinpoche and the late Lachen Rinpoche should have been consulted before embarking on such a project in sacred West Sikkim, which is of great importance to Sikkim’s history and cultural heritage.
SIBLAC as also lambasted Ecclesiastical Affairs Secretary T. Gelek for being a part of a committee that misled the State Government on the project. Bhutia has rejected the committee’s recommendation that the State Government has to pay Rs 150 crores towards expenses incurred if ever the project is scrapped.
Meanwhile, the Sikkim High Court has adjourned hearing on the petition seeking the scrapping of the Tashiding hydro project.
The Division Bench comprising the Chief Justice Pius Chakkalayil Kuriakose and Justice SP Wangdi on April 10 noted that there was already an interim order of the court in force in relation with the seeking of the stay order after two petitioners pressed for a stay order on work on the project underway in West Sikkim.
The bench, which gave time to the state for submitting its views by May 10, also noted any work underway at the project site, if any, would be at the expense and risk of the project developer and the state would not be liable for such costs and expenditures incurred.
Manipur militants call for boycott of Prez visit
Imphal, April 16: Six Manipuri rebel groups have called for a boycott of the President Pranab Mukherjee’s visit to Manipur. The Coordinating Committee (CorCom) of the outfits - KCP, KYKL, PREPAK, PREPAK (Pro), RPF and UNLF - has called a 26-hour general strike with effect from 6 am on Monday. The President was expected to visit Manipur on the same day.
Police commandos launched a massive combing operation on Thursday in the Chingmeirong area of Imphal in view of militants' call to boycott President Pranab Mukherjee's visit to Manipur on Apri 15.
The six rebel outfits that have made the boycott call are fighting to restore Manipur's past sovereignty. They said Mukherjee's visit is yet another ploy of New Delhi to continue its domination of the erstwhile independent Manipur.
"As the head of the nation, the President should be held responsible for killing of innocent Manipuris by the Indian security forces and for the narcotics warfare triggered by New Delhi with the ultimate objective to suppress the youths of Manipur," charged CorCom in a statement.
On his maiden visit to the State as President, Mukherjee, besides unveiling the jubilee's plaque of Adimjati Shiksha Ashram, is also scheduled to lay the foundation stones of the ashram's boys' hostel, a community hall and a working women's hostel. Notably, the ashram was set up in 1952 at the initiative of India's first President, Dr Rajendra Prasad.
INTERVIEW Bhaichung Bhutia
“Domestic football scene has to improve”

Bhaichung Bhutia is India’s most famous soccer player. He spearheaded the national team’s attack between 1995 and 2011, scoring 43 goals in 105 appearances. Bhutia was also the first Indian to play professional soccer in Europe, turning out for the English club Bury in 1999. But his most memorable performances came in Indian club soccer, especially while playing for Kolkata arch rivals East Bengal and Mohun Bagan.
Now as an entrepreneur, Bhutia has brought joy to his home state of Sikkim with his club United Sikkim, making it to the top tier of India’s soccer league. He also recently was appointed as the chairman of the technical committee of the All India Football Federation.
In Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim, Bhutia spoke to SM Mustafi for India Ink about life since retirement and his thoughts on Indian soccer from the other side of the touchline.

SM Mustafi: Tell us about your journey with United Sikkim. How did it come about?
Bhaichung Bhutia: I was born and brought up in Sikkim, and we have a big following for soccer here – it is the only game that’s played. Since the I-League [India's professional soccer league] started in 2007, small tournaments like the Governor’s Gold Cup here in Sikkim started dying out. So big teams and players stopped coming here, and people were deprived from watching them. The only way to bring top soccer to Sikkim was to have a club from here competing in the I-League. It was not easy to get funds for the club because we hardly have any industries or corporates based out of here. But I got some investors from Dubai to fund the club, and that is how it started.
Q: Was it difficult to convince players, both domestic and foreign, to play for your club? Are they happy being here in Sikkim?
A: When we started in second division, it was a challenge to bring good players to a small place like Sikkim. But I had played for India and knew the players, so I convinced them to sign for United Sikkim.
The foreigners are adjusting pretty well here. The biggest problem they face is that every time we go out of Sikkim, they have to wait for one hour at Rangpo [a town on the state border] for their permit to get sorted. Especially for the Nigerian players it’s been tough because the central government has put in many restrictions for them – they should make it different for tourists and sportspersons. We are trying to work with the government to find a solution. But apart from this they are very happy with Sikkim. It’s clean and green, so they enjoy it.
Q: Manipur, which is a neighboring state, has been sending quite a few players to the national team, but not Sikkim. Why is that?
A: In Manipur, both the environment and infrastructure for sport is better than Sikkim. We need more fields to play on and more age group tournaments. In the last three or four years we have got better. We now have two players playing for India. Also in Manipur, parents want their kids to be sportspersons, while in Sikkim most prefer their children to study and get government jobs. And the rest of India is far behind these northeastern states in parental support for sports. Here, 90 percent of the children come from humble backgrounds and sports is a way out for almost every kid who is playing.
Q: Indian soccer has shown no signs of improvement despite initiatives like the I-League. We are still ranked 167th in the latest FIFA rankings. What’s going wrong?
A: You have to look at what’s wrong with the structure of Indian soccer. The reason the I-League has not taken off is that the game has not spread across the country. That can only happen if more clubs like United Sikkim and Lajong FC [from Shillong] are successful. Otherwise, it will just be clubs from Kolkata, Goa and Mumbai. So the same clubs play each other in the local leagues and then the I-League. It’s not surprising that people lose interest.
Q: Since you became the first Indian to play in Europe, others have not followed in your footsteps. Why?
A: Look, everyone wants to play in Europe. But they got to have the opportunity and the confidence. Unless we do well internationally, we will not get chances, and the domestic football scene has to improve. Unless we get results, we will not get opportunities.
Q: You played for both the Kolkata rivals at different stages of your career. Any favorites?
A: I have good relations with both clubs, but I started my career in East Bengal, so they definitely have a special place in my heart.





Friday, April 12, 2013


SIKKIM OBSERVER Saturday   April 13-19,  2013    
President to visit Sikkim, northeast in April-May
New Delhi, April 12: President Pranab Mukherjee will visit the northeastern states in April and May, an official statement from Rashtrapati Bhawan said on Saturday.
During his one-day visit to Sikkim on April 16, the President will lay the foundation stone of Sikkim University in Yangang, South Sikkim.
From April 15 to 17, the President will be visiting Manipur and Sikkim in the first phase of his tour. He will attend the diamond jubilee function of Adimjati Shiksha Ashram at Imphal.
In the second phase, the President will visit Assam, Nagaland and Tripura from May 13 to 16, ANI reported.
On May 13, he will present the Asom Ratna Award to Mamoni Raisom Goswami (posthumously) and Srimanta Shankardev Award for the year 2008 to Sharmila Tagore.
He will also attend the closing ceremony of the golden jubilee celebrations of the Pandu College at Guwahati on the same day. The next day, he will address the annual convocation of Assam University at Silchar.
President Mukherjee will attend the third Convocation of Nagaland University at Lumami, Nagaland, on May 15.
He will address the Fifth Convocation of National Institute of Technology, Agartala and attend the Tenth Convocation of Tripura University at Suryamaninagar, Tripura, on May 16.
Bongthings connected to Pang Lhabsol rituals felicitated by Tsuklakhang Trust

Grandson of Late Khangchendzonga Bongthing, Ren Samdup Taso Lepcha, receiving khada and citation award from Pemayangtse Dorje Lopon on behalf of his grandfather in Gangtok on Sunday.
Gangtok, April 12: With the sole objective of preserving the former kingdom’s rich and unique religious and cultural heritage, the Tsuklakhang Trust on Sunday gave due recognition to two Lepcha Bongthings (priests) and honoured them for being chiefly responsible for keeping alive the ancient ritualistic tradition connected to worship of Sikkim’s mountain gods – namely Khangchendzonga and Yabdu.
Late Khangchendzonga Bongthing Ren Samdup Taso Lepcha from the Lepcha preserve of Dzongu in North Sikkim and Yabdu Bongthing Ren Pem Tshering Lepcha of Teesta valley in North Bengal were felicitated for their “selfless services” to Sikkim and its people for keeping the unique rituals of Pang Lhabsol alive here at a colourful and historic function, whose chief guest was the Dorje Lopon, head of Pemayangtse Monastery, Gyalshing, West Sikkim.
The felicitation is in “recognition of the selfless services and contribution made by the two very important Bongthings for preserving the rich (and) ageless tradition of worshipping our guardian deity Kanchendzonga and Yabdu,” Trust Secretary Namgyal T Bhutia said while addressing the gathering here at Yabring hall of the Tsuklakhang Monastery.
Reflecting the sentiments of other Trust members, Bhutia said the “historic function”, which was “the need of the hour,” was held mainly “to recognize, preserve and encourage this rich ancient tradition for posterity.”
He said the Trust was formed in August 1982 by Chogyal Wangchuk Namgyal to preserve Sikkim’s religious and cultural heritage.
While stating that the Chogyal’s focus has been “practising Dharma” for last several years “after renouncing all the comfort of royalty”, he added:  “He always reminds us that he offers his sincere prayers daily for the well being of Sikkim and the Sikkimese irrespective of wherever he may be.”
The Trust was formed in August 1982, a few months after Wangchuk Namgyal was crowned the 13th Chogyal of Sikkim just before the historic funeral of his late father Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal on February 19, 1982.
Special invitee SD Tshering, State Government Secretary, said the role of Bongthings is not confined to observing religious rituals but these ancient priests have made significant contribution to traditional medicine and herbal knowledge.
“We hope that this function will generate more interest among the local people to take greater part in the annual Pang Lhabsol celebrations,” Trust member Sonam Barfungpa said.
Two students – Tsegyal Gyatso and Punol Norjet Lepcha – of Tashi Namgyal Academy (TNA), who wore the traditional Bhutia and Lepcha attire, read out the citations (full text on page 3).
Prominent among those present on the occasion were Trust’s Managing Truste Tsetop Ragasha, Pemayangtse Monastery’s  Yapo Gaydrol Tempa Gyatso Lama, Tsuklakhang Monastery’s Khenpo, former Minister Sonam Dupden Lepcha, representatives of Lepcha association, and members of some of Sikkim’s leading families (Mazong, Rhenock, Tateng to name a few), which have made significant contributions to Sikkim’s history and culture.
Sikkimese Nepalese at the crossroads
ST Assembly seats for Limbu-Tamangs would be end of special status of Sikkimese Nepalese
WITHOUT FEAR OR FAVOUR
Jigme N Kazi
Reservation of seats in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly for Limbus and Tamangs on the basis of their status as scheduled tribes will hasten the death knell of the distinct identity of Sikkimese Nepalese in the former kingdom of Sikkim. As has been witnessed, dilution of Sikkim’s special status within the Union has been a gradual process and New Delhi seems to be succeeding in its efforts to erase whatever is left of Sikkim’s past.
Despite its repeated emphasis on preservation of Sikkim’s special status as per provisions of Article 371F of the Constitution the political leadership in the State has unitedly demanded reservation of Assembly seats for the Limbu-Tamang community, who have been declared scheduled tribes in 2002. Is this move a bid to appeal to the Limbu-Tamang vote-bank or is our political leadership confused and directionless?
Interestingly, the Limbus and Tamangs, who belong to the Nepali community and were earlier bracketed among the OBC (other backward classes) in the State, themselves are vociferous in seeking Assembly seat reservation for their communities. Only last month (Jan 2013), the All Sikkim Limboo Krantikari Yuva Sangh called for an indefinite ‘Sikkim bandh’ to press their demand on the seat issue. The Sangh has appealed to all political parties, including the ruling Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF), and social organizations to support its demand.
It may be recalled that in 2006, the Sikkim Limboo Tamang Tribal Forum (SLTTF), while urging its representatives in the Assembly to protect the political rights of the two tribal communities, regretted that even after obtaining ST status they were yet to be given seat reservation in the State Assembly. The Sikkim Limboo Tamang Joint Action Community (SLTJAC) blamed the Chamling Government for not doing enough to ensure that seats in the Assembly are reserved for the two communities.
The demand for reservation of Assembly seats for Limbu and Tamang communities was raised in the Lok Sabha by BJP MP Balkrishna K Shukla, who was in-charge of Sikkim, in May last year.
BJP State unit President Padam Chettri said the people of Sikkim are grateful to the BJP for raising the issue in the Parliament. He alleged that even the two MPs from Sikkim have not raised the issue in the House and have “completely ignored the burning issue.”
Interestingly, in reply to Shukla’s question on whether the UPA government is aware that the Sikkim Legislative Assembly does not have seats reserved for the Scheduled Tribes of Sikkim and what action is being taken to “preserve and protect” the STs in the State Assembly, former Union Law Minister and senior Congressman Salman Khurshid said the 12 seats reserved in the Assembly were meant for ‘Bhutia-Lepchas’ as per the historic 1973 tripartite agreement between the Government of India, the Chogyal and political parties of Sikkim. Seats were reserved for the Bhutia-Lepchas on the basis of their ethnicity and not because they were tribals, Khurshid informed the House.
Khurshid, who is now the Union External Affairs Minister, said Assembly seat reservation for STs in the State would depend on the population of the Limbus and Tamangs on the basis of 2011 census. “Any increase/decrease in the present status could be considered only after wider debate from all the stake holders in the State of Sikkim,” Khurshid said.
It may be noted that the Sikkim Limboo-Tamang Joint Action Committee had in 2005 sought deferment of the process of delimitation of Assembly constituencies in Sikkim till a special census is conducted to ascertain the population of the two tribes. In a memorandum to the Delimitation Commission, the Committee President PR Subba urged the authorities not to go ahead with the exercise till a census to update the population of the Limbus and Tamangs was taken up.
In 2009, Union Home Minister P. Chidambaram stated in the Rajya Sabha that any proposal for reservation for Tamang and Limbu tribes in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly can be considered only after compilation of results of the 2011 census
''At present no authentic population figures for Limboo and Tamang communities are available. If reservation for these communities is to be considered as per proportion of their population in the state, as recommended by the state Government, the same can be available only after the results of the 2011 census are compiled,'' Chidambaram informed the Rajya Sabha.
The Minister also said there had been a proposal from the Sikkim Government to increase the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly, from the present 32, to a minimum of 40. A resolution passed by the State Legislature of Sikkim on September 16, 2004 also said that reservation be provided for Limbu and Tamang communities.
During his meeting with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh last November Chamling stressed the need to address the issue for early resolution of Assembly seat reservation of the Limbu-Tamang community.
It may also be recalled that in July 2008, Chamling tabled a White Paper in the Assembly on efforts made by his government in securing ST status for the Limbu-Tamang community and to secure Assembly seat reservation for them.
It now appears that another Assembly polls, scheduled for 2014, will come and go without seats being reserved for the Limbus and Tamangs. The UPA Government has stated in the Lok Sabha that until the population figures of Sikkim are made available on the basis of 2011 census the seat reservation issue would linger on. Even if the population figures are made known now more time will be needed to formulate a new seat arrangement in the Assembly, which will be followed by fresh demarcation of Assembly constituencies in the State.
   Perhaps this leaves us enough time to think over what we really want. Do the Sikkimese Nepalese prefer to be divided and gradually disintegrate in the near future? Or do they want to preserve their special status while also embracing their constitutional rights? The ball is in their court.
Assembly seats traditionally reserved for Sikkimese Nepalese were done away with in 1979. Ever since, Sikkim’s political parties have been demanding restoration of their political rights. Why are our politicians speaking in two voices now? (Talk Sikkim)
Editorial
KEEPING THE FAITH
Applaud For Tsuklakhang Trust
Honouring the ritual keepers of the worship of Sikkim’s Guardian Deities in the way the Tsuklakhang Trust did this week ought to be welcomed and appreciated by all Sikkimese irrespective of caste, creed and religion. Sikkim’s protecting deities such as Khangchendzonga not only guard and protect Sikkim and the Sikkimese people but is also regarded as a wealth deity. Those who have come to Beyul Demajong and have prospered ought to know this fact and take part in the worship of the snowy ranges.
We owe our thanks and deep sense of gratitude to the Late Ren Samdup Taso Lepcha and Ren Pem Tshering Lepcha for their valued services in performing the rituals to Khangchendzonga, Yabdu and other deities of this sacred land on our behalf during the annual Pang Lhabsol festival. Hopefully, this ancient ritual will be kept alive by their descendants with the active support and participation of the local people. The Trust, under the guidance of the Chogyal of Sikkim and Princess Hope Leezum Namgyal, has a team of responsible and dedicated members who will surely take the lead and involve the local people in their commendable initiatives in preserving Sikkim’s ancient customs and traditions.
SIKKIM: Swallowed Up In Silence

     The funeral process of the Chogyal of Sikkim in Gangtok on February 19, 1982.
 This spring (2008) the world’s attention was drawn to Tibet, where on 10th March this year the people commemorated the 49th anniversary of the Tibetan upheaval against the Chinese occupation. The protests spread from Tibet across the whole world and along the route of the torch relay for this year’s Olympic games people demanded: “Free Tibet!”
In the Southern part of the Himalaya another occupied territory did not attract any attention at all: Sikkim. The Kingdom which had defended its independence for 300 years against powerful neighbours was annexed by India in April 1975 and became the 22nd state of the Indian Union. The 85th birthday of the 12th Chogyal of Sikkim (May 22, 2008 was the Chogyal’s 85th birth anniversary) gives me the opportunity to focus on the fate of the tiny Himalaya Kingdom.
Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal, Twelfth Consecrated Ruler of Sikkim, was born in Sikkim’s capital Gangtok on 22nd May 1923. The Denzong Chogyal was the second son of the late illustrious Chogyal Sir Tashi Namgyal, who will always be remembered as Sikkim’s gracious, enlightened and benevolent ruler.
In 1935 he continued his studies at St. Joseph’s College, Darjeeling, and completed his studies at Bishop Cotton School, Simla, in 1941.
Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal

As the Heir Apparent, Gyalsay Palden Thondup Namgyal undertook the Indian Civil Service Training Course at Dehra Dun in 1942 and thereafter returned to Sikkim to look after the administration so that the needs of the people could be taken care of.
Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal was keenly alive to the needs of the people and as Heir Apparent had exercised direct personal supervision over various departments of the government of Sikkim. He was his father’s adviser on external affairs and led the Sikkim team, which negotiated the Treaty with India in 1949-1950. By contract Sikkim became India’s “protectorate” on 5th December 1950, not unlike Nepal and Bhutan that were forced to sign similar treaties after the British had left the subcontinent. So far the other two Kingdoms could maintain their independence. If Nepal will be able to keep the two greedy neighbours outside the borders should the country be declared a republic, is in doubts.
The Chogyal was connected with a number of cultural and academic bodies in Sikkim, India and abroad. He had been the President of the Mahabodhi Society of India since 1953 and he led the Sikkim delegation to the Sixth Buddhist Council that was held in Burma in 1954. He participated in the 2500 Buddha Jayanti Celebrations in India in 1956, and was the only member of the Working Committee from Sikkim.
 In March 1959 he attended the 2500 Buddha Jayanti Conference in Japan and represented Sikkim at the Sixth World Fellowship of Buddhists conference in Cambodia in 1961. In 1958, under the patronage of Maharaja Sir Tashi Namgyal, he set up a centre for Mahayana and Tibetan studies at Gangtok , and this world famous centre bears the name of “Namgyal Institute of Tibetology.”
Grateful Sikkimese offer khadas to the portrait of the Late Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal at the Tusklakhang Monastery, Gangtok, during his formal birth anniversary on April 4 last week.
 In August 1950, he married Sangey Deki, daughter of Yapshi Samdu Phodrang of Tibet. Sangey died in June 1957. In March 1963 he married Hope Cooke, grand daughter and ward of Mr. and Mrs. Winchester Noyes of the United States of America, which drew a huge media attention to the tiny Kingdom. The Chogyal had three children from his first wife, namely Tenzing, Wangchuk andYangchen. His second wife bore him Palden and Hope. After his father’s death, Palden was crowned as the Twelfth Chogyal of Sikkim on 4th April 1965
Among the honours and distinction the Chogyal held were: The Order of the British Empire (1947), Padma Vibushan, India (1954) and Commander de l’Ordre de l’Étoile Noire, France (1956).
Small numbers of Nepalese had been migrating to Sikkim from about the 15th century, but it was only under the British that the Nepalese began entering Sikkim in great numbers, entirely upsetting the traditional ethnic balance of Sikkim. This social engineering was done by the British to weaken the traditional Lepchas – Bhutia strength. The Eleventh Chogyal and representatives of two of Sikkim’s largest parties, the Sikkim State Congress and the Sikkim National Party, agreed in May 1951to a parity formula. According to this formula, the seats in the state council were to be divided equally between the Bhutia-Lepcha group, and the Nepalese. The Sikkim State Council was then instituted in 1953.
In April 1973, after making allegations that elections had been rigged, ethnic Nepali protested in front of the King's palace, demanding civil rights and the sidelining or even removal of what they called the "feudal" monarchy. Palden Thondup Namgyal, the King of Sikkim, ultimately gave in and signed an agreement on 8th May 1973.
The document called on India to provide a chief executive, and to hold elections for an assembly. The agreement was the first step in the disappearance of the Kingdom of Sikkim. The inhabitants of the Kingdom are in no doubt that the Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and her local agents fomented the unrest. Indira Gandhi’s dictatorial and imperialist attitudes were are a major concern in the 70s.
Asked in 1998 by the German daily Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, why the Sikkimese army did not resist the Indian invasion, a former captain of Sikkim's army replied: "The Indian soldiers had joined the army because they were hungry and received a warm meal; to shoot at them would not have been in accordance with our Buddhist faith. We knew four days in advance about the invasion, but the King had ordered not to fight."
In 1975, Sikkim’s Prime (Chief) Minister “appealed” to the Indian Parliament for representation and change of Sikkim's status to a state of India. In April 1975 the Indian army moved into Sikkim, seizing the capital city of Gangtok, disarming the Palace Guards and putting the Chogyal under house arrest. 
A “referendum” was held in which 97.5% (!) of the votes cast (or counted!) agreed to join the Indian Union. China did not recognize India’s occupation of Sikkim until 2003, which led to an improvement in the Sino-Indian relations. In return, India announced its official recognition of Tibet as an integrated part of China.
The Chogyal never renounced his throne and hoped till the end that justice would win.
On 29th January 1982 Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal died a heartbroken man from cancer in New York. His second son Wangchuk inherited the rights to the throne after the Chogyal's eldest son Crown Prince Tenzin had died in a car accident on 11th March 1978. (Radical Royalist, May 23, 2008)

‘Kissinger Cables’ offer window into Indian politics of the 1970s

Message to Nepal, Bhutan during Indian takeover of Sikkim in 1973
New Delhi, April 12: The “Kissinger Cables,” a collection of U.S. diplomatic cables released on Monday by WikiLeaks, contain some fascinating revelations about the political scenario in India in the 1970s. Here are some great insights about India in the WikiLeaks release:
India’s first nuclear test was possibly motivated by political considerations:
According to this cable, sent from New Delhi to the Department of State, India’s first nuclear test on May 18, 1974, was motivated by domestic politics. The cable says that the nuclear test had been done at a time when the Indian government was tackling an economic slowdown, increasing discontent and rising political unrest.
“We are inclined to believe that this general domestic gloom and uncertainty weighed significantly in the balance of India’s nuclear decision,” reads the cable sent on the date of the nuclear test. “The need for a psychological boost, the hope of recreated atmosphere of exhilaration and nationalism that swept the country after 1971 – contrary to our earlier expectation – may have tipped the scales.”
The cable adds that the U.S. Embassy was not aware of any recent military pressure on the Indian government, and that the decision to demonstrate nuclear capability may also have been driven by a need to regain its position in international politics, where India “has felt it had been relegated to the sidelines with its significance ignored and its potential role downplayed.”
In 1974 India returned 195 prisoners of war to Pakistan, originally wanted by Bangladesh for war crimes trials:
This cable sent from Islamabad on May 17, 1974, reveals that after the Bangladesh-India-Pakistan agreement signed on April 9, 1974, India returned the last Pakistani prisoners of war   from India, including 195 prisoners originally wanted by Bangladesh for war crimes trials. “Bhutto and Minstate Aziz Ahmed have hailed the April 9 agreement as a major move toward a durable peace with India, but the continuing drumfire of anti-India comment in the media reflects the strong emotional suspicion of India still prevalent here,” the cable reads. The cable adds that even in the top leadership in the Pakistani government, there is “exasperation” over what they perceived as India’s continuous efforts to hamper Pakistan from obtaining military supplies. While the U.S.  diplomat foretold a thawing of relations between the two countries, he said “continuing mutual suspicion” would hinder diplomatic efforts.
Indira Gandhi said she was proud that she “resisted pressures to destroy Pakistan in 1971″
In an analysis of India-Pakistan relations after the 1971 war, a cable sent from the U.S.  Department of State says that Indira Gandhi felt that she showed restraint during the war. “Mrs. Gandhi was proud, and we believe sincere, in explaining she resisted pressures to destroy Pakistan in 1971,” reads thiscable, dated March 1, 1974. “We believe that she wants détente on the subcontinent and she feels she made concessions at Simla to achieve this. She also insists – plausibly we think – that further disintegration of Pakistan would not be in India’s interest.”  The cable says that while Pakistan’s recognition of Bangladesh improves the short-term prospects for better India-Pakistan relations, there is continued suspicion on both sides. The document argues that while India feels that Pakistan must “adjust to Indian power and influence” there is little likelihood of that happening in the near future.
The Indian takeover of Sikkim in 1973 might have been intended to send a message to Nepal and Bhutan:
Indira Gandhi and Chogyal of Sikkim in the ’70s
This cable sent on April 25, 1973, from New Delhi the U.S. ambassador relays the impressions and opinions of the then Times of India correspondent Sivdas Banerjee. He says that Mr. Banerjee had received his information from a senior West Bengal Congress minister who had been briefed by a high-level official from the Ministry of External Affairs. “There was an important and deliberate message to Nepal and Bhutan in prompt Indian action in Sikkim,” reads the cable.
The cable adds that according to Mr. Banerjee’s source in the Ministry of External Affairs, Nepal and Bhutan had been reluctant to cooperate with India on defense matters and “Nepal’s position in particular had irked Mrs. Gandhi during her recent visit there and she was sending direct message to King Birendra.”






HIMALAYAN GUARDIAN     Wednesday April 3-9, 2013  
Chogyal unlikely to return home
Bongthings of Sikkim’s Guardian Deities felicitated

Gangtok, April 9: Chogyal Wangchuk Namgyal is unlikely to return to his Palace here as has been hoped by a section of the Sikkimese people. He has renounced the world and the religious activities of the Chogyal are being carried out by the Tsuklakhang Trust on his behalf, according to members of the Trust.
Revealing this at a historic ceremony here at the Tsuklakhang premises on Sunday in honour of two Lepcha priests (Bongthings) connected to the worship of Sikkim’s Guardian Deities, Trust Secretary Namgyal T. Bhutia in his address said, “His Majesty has been practising Dharma for last several years after renouncing all the comfort of royalty.”
 The statement added, “He always reminds us that he offers his sincere prayers daily for the well being of Sikkim and the Sikkimese irrespective of wherever he may be.”
The Trust was formed in August 1982, a few months after Wangchuk Namgyal was crowned the 13th Chogyal of Sikkim during the historic funeral of his late father Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal on February 19, 1982.
Ever since the Chogyal has been out of Sikkim most of the time spending his time in meditation and spiritual activities in Bhutan and Nepal.
The Late Bongthing Samdup Tasho Lepcha, who used to perform the annual rituals to Khangchendzonga, Sikkim’s Guardian Deity, on Pang Lhabsol was posthumously felicitated by the Trust here on Sunday along with Ren Pem Tshering Lepcha, who performs the rituals for Yabdu, Sikkim’s Guardian Deity of the southern gate, on the said occasion.
    Yabdu Bongthing Ren Pem Tshering Lepcha being felicitated by Pemayangtse Monastery Dorje    
     Lopon in  Gangtok on Sunday (April 7, 2013)
Prominent among those who witnessed the historic occasion were Pemayangtse Monastery Dorje Lopon (Chief Guest for the function), Trust’s Managing Truste Tsetop Ragasha, and State Government Secretary SD Tshering. Lamas of the Tsuklakhang Monastery, members of the local community and some foreigners also participated in the function.
The felicitation is in “recognition of the selfless services and contribution made by the two very important Bongthings for preserving the rich (and) ageless tradition of worshipping our guardian deity Kanchendzonga  and Yabdu,” Bhutia said.
He added, “The need of the hour is to recognize, preserve and encourage this rich ancient tradition for posterity. Therefore, the Tsuklakhang Trust has embarked upon the task to organize this historic function,” Bhutia added.
Development first, Gorkhaland later

Jairam Ramesh and Bimal Gurung in Darjeeling on Sunday. (pix: The Telegraph)
Darjeeling, April 9: While keeping its demand for separate Gorkhaland State alive the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) is likely call off its agitational approach to the demand.
This has been reportedly decided by the Morcha leadership after Union Minister for Rural Development Jairam Ramesh said in Darjeeling on Sunday that it was time to keep politics aside for five to ten years and focus on the development of the region instead.
“We have taken the decision in the wake of Mr. Ramesh’s visit and having realised that the attitude of the Centre is agreeable,” GJM general secretary Roshan Giri told The Hindu on the phone from Darjeeling.
The GJM had set the Centre the deadline of April 9 to take a call on the Gorkhaland demand failing which it would resume its agitation. A programme of agitations was put in abeyance in response to requests made separately by President Pranab Mukherjee and some Union Ministers when a delegation of the party led by its President Bimal Gurung visited them in New Delhi in early March.
“Our campaign for a separate State that is our ultimate demand will, however, continue with torchlight rallies and holding of public meetings,” Giri said.
Uttarakhand:1985 as cut-off-year for caste certificates
Dehradun, April 9: The State Government on Tuesday decided to issue caste certificates to Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Other Backward Classes members who were permanent residents in the region since 1985, 15 years before the State was carved out Uttar Pradesh on November 9, 2000.
This is as per the directive of the Uttarakhand High Court. Chief secretary Alok Kumar Jain said the government took the decision to fix 1985 as cut off date at a high-level meeting chaired by Chief Minister Vijay Bahuguna on Monday, eight months after the Uttarakhand HC issued an order to this effect.
Jain said decision was also followed by a Government order issued by principal secretary S Raju on Monday.
He said this will help maximum number of bonafide and genuine SCs, STs and OBC members who have been living in State within the stipulated time frame get caste certificates. Most of them are those living in Uttarakhand's Haridwar and Udham Singh Nagar districts apart from other parts of the tarai areas. They had been demanding 1985 be fixed as cut-off-year for issuing caste certificates.
Uttarakhand HC issued an order on August 17, 2012 to fix 1985 as the cut-off-date to issue caste certificates in response to a PIL. It had challenged 1952 as cut-off-year for issuing castes certificates to weaker section and urged the court to bring it down to 1985.
A government source said the government decided to implement the HC order as the civic polls are expected to be held in the second week of April.
Editorial
GORKHALAND DEMAND
Stomach Comes First
An army cannot march on empty stomach. This also applies to those who are fighting for a homeland called Gorkhaland in the hills of Darjeeling. While the going is good it would be foolish to embark on an agitational path to achieve Gorkhaland. Both the Centre and the West Bengal Government are in a mood to bring peace and development in the hills of Darjeeling. A confrontational approach to the statehood demand would not only be fruitless at the moment the Gorkhas themselves are divided on the issue.
Any issue that involves the masses must be kept alive through peaceful and non-violent means. This does not mean holding occasional public meetings and press conferences and submitting memoranda to various authorities on the issue. There has to be a systematic long-term plan on the statehood issue. Meanwhile, the political leadership must maintain its credibility and this means not being too corrupt and upholding the democratic process. Darjeeling people deserve a better deal from all concerned and the authorities must ensure that peace leads to prosperity and real development.
GNLF supports formation of Lepcha council
Ghising may return to hills soon: GNLF
Darjeeling, April 9: In a significant move, the Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF) supported the demand of Darjeeling Lepchas on formation of a separate council to preserve the indigenous minority community’s distinct identity and cultural heritage.
This was made known during the 33rd foundation day celebration of the party in Kurseong on Friday, when around 5000 supporters were present.
“We also appreciate the announcements made by the chief minister to form development boards for Lepchas and Buddhists in the hills,” Mahendra Chhetri, President of the Terai regional unit of the GNLF and a central committee leader of the party said.
 The Morcha staunchly opposed the formation of the Lepcha board under the state government.
“Forming such councils or bodies for conservation and promotion of different tribes and their cultures dwelling in hills has been mentioned in the Sixth Schedule…. We thus appreciate the decision,” Chettri added.
 The foundation day rally has come at a time when the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha, the ruling force in the hills, has fallen out with the State Government. The Morcha has also been criticized by the people and opposition leaders for betraying the cause of the people on Gorkhaland. Supporters of the Morcha and other parties are now joining the Trinamul Congress.
Ghisingh, who was banished from the hills in 2010 and has since being living in Jalpaiguri, did not attend the meeting.
However, the GNLF reiterated its demand on Sixth Schedule status for the Darjeeling hills that allows autonomy to a specific geographic area with constitutional validation.
“We observed the foundation day of our party as the Gorkhaland Namkaran Sthapna Diwas to remind people that it was the GNLF and its chief Subash Ghisingh who had raised the demand of statehood on April 5, 1980, that is 33 years back,” said Chhetri.
 “The meeting is a part of the exercises taken up at the preparatory phase. Our principal leader (Ghisingh) will soon address people in public and will also go to the hills within next four to six weeks.”
THE TSUKLAKHANG TRUST
CITATION
Ren Samdrup Taso Lepcha



Late Ren Samdrup Taso Lepcha was the son of late Ren Yangkyok Lepcha and late Renyu Champi Lepcha from Nung, located in Tingvong village, Dzongu, North Sikkim. In the village and beyond he was better known as Nung Taso or the Kongchen Bongthing. He belonged to an ancient lineage of powerful Lepcha shamans who are the sole keepers of the ritual knowledge of the sacred Kongchen ritual. On the 29th of October 2011, late Ren Samdrup Taso Lepcha passed away at the age of 84 in his home in Nung during a minor earthquake.
His clan, the Garkum tsum ptso, is associated with the powerful mountain deity Kongchen and traces its ancestry back to the soldiers (vik) of Kongchen. Their lineage is said to have performed the worship to this protective deity since time immemorial. The importance of this lineage for the appeasement of Kongchen and the worship of Sikkim as Beyul Demoshong was recognised by the Chogyals of Sikkim. Henceforth, the annual ritual to Kongchen and the other protective mountain deities of Sikkim became an integral part of the Sikkimese festival Pang Lhabsol.
For the people of Dzongu, the ritual was a four-day-long affair. The Kongchen Bongthing performed a ritual to Mount Khangchendzonga and then set off towards the Royal Palace together with five other villagers who were appointed by the Chogyal. At the same time, the other village bongthings also performed a similar ritual. From Dzongu they used to bring fish from a specific waterfall and birds from the forests above Sakyong. When they arrived at the Palace, offerings were exchanged. The Kongchen Bongthing received incense, rice and millet beer from the Chogyal and held a ceremony. Then – with the Chogyal’s ritual gift of a yak – the delegation returned to Dzongu and performed the final part of the ritual at the lha tsu, an altar place at Nung. Here, the yak was sacrificed and all local deities of Sikkim were called upon to protect the land, the Chogyal and the people.
 Late Ren Samdrup Taso Lepcha assisted his father with the performances of the Kongchen ritual and learned the sacred knowledge of his clan. The elaborate ritual was then discontinued after 1975, but until today it is still held on a village level. Sadly, the sacred knowledge of this ritual has not been passed on to Late Ren Samdrup Taso Lepcha’s son, but the community bears hope that his grandson will take on the responsibility and carry on the ancient tradition of the Kongchen ritual.
As specified by its Settlor, Tenzing Tobgyal Wangchuk Sisum Namgyal, Chogyal of Sikkim, The Tsuklakhang Trust endeavours to uphold and propagate for the benefit of all sentient beings the traditional, religious and social customs, ceremonies and teachings as expounded by Guru Rinpoche, introduced into Sikkim by the Naljor Che-zhi and patronized by successive Chogyals of Sikkim.
Therefore, in recognition of the selfless service and contribution made towards preserving the ageless tradition of the unique Sikkimese festival of Pang Lhabsol, The Tsuklakhang Trust is pleased to honour late Bongthing Ren Samdup Taso Lepcha post-humously with this citation and offer good wishes and sincere prayers for his descendents long and healthy lives and perpetuation of their ritual lineage. 
May his soul rest in peace and be blessed by the Triple Gems forever!

Tashi Deleg

Place: Tsuklakhang, Gangtok
Date: 7th April, 2013

Sd/-                                                                 Sd/-                                       Sd/-
(Namgyal T. Bhutia)                       (Tsetop Ragasha)                         Chief Guest            
Secretary                                          Managing Trustee                       Dorje Lopon
The Tsuklakhang Trust               The Tsuklakhang Trust            Pemayangtse Monastery

THE TSUKLAKHANG TRUST
CITATION
                                                              Ren Pem Tshering Lepcha


Ren Pem Tshering Lepcha’s ancestors have been responsible for performing rituals in honour of Yabdü, the guardian deity protecting Sikkim’s southern gate, for over two and half centuries.  He is the son of late Ren Pembo Lepcha and late Angu Lepcha of Chegra Busty, located above Teesta Bazaar under Kurseong Sub-Division of West Bengal. He descends from a line of Bongthings spanning more than forty generations.
The ritual for Yabdü forms part of the sacred Pang Lhabsol celebration which is unique to Sikkim. It is observed at the end of August or early September, on the immediate Friday preceding the 15th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar when Pang Lhabsol is observed at the Tsuklakhang in Gangtok.
Immediately following the conclusion of the Drukpa Tsheshi rituals at the Tsuklakhang in July, the ritual offerings required by the Bongthing are prepared and dispatched by special carrier from Gangtok. Ritual purifications and prayers commence upon reception of the offerings which consist of seven packets of incense for daily purification, give different colour prayer flags, one kilo of bal-tshon (multi-coloured woolen threads), one kilo of butter, a brick of Tibetan tea, a bottle of rum and a basket of chang together with money.
The day’s celebration commences at 7.00 am with the Bongthing’s purification of the area, the hoisting of the prayer flags and the bal-tshon together with seven male Lepcha helpers at an open air altar overlooking the River Teesta. Butter lamps are lit and offerings are laid out on wild banana leaves: the first fruit of the harvest, offerings of papaya, cucumber and sweets together with chang. The Bongthing, who fasts until the conclusion of the ritual at 2 pm, performs his ritual chant invoking Yabdu, his mamu consort and other protecting deities of Sikkim for the benefit of all sentient beings. The day concludes with a feast for all villagers.
Bongthing Ren Pem Tshering Lepcha has been holding the annual Pang Lhabsol ritual for Yabdü since 1962 following the demise of his late father. In olden days, the ritual used to be performed in a jungle above Kali Jhora and Teesta but this was discontinued at the time of his late grandfather due to attacks by tigers and other wild animals. 
Born around 1935, Bongthing Ren Pem Tshering Lepcha is now close to eighty years old and, having no son, has been training his nephew Ren Tashi Lepcha for the past three years with the view of ensuring the ritual’s continuity. He leads a very humble and pious life dedicated to ritual and prayer for the benefit of Sikkim and all sentient beings. His personal association with the Palace and subsequently with The Tsuklakhang Trust spans more than fifty-one years. He is the only surviving Bongthing in the area who is not only a repository of the old culture, traditions and values but also one who still celebrates Sikkim as Beyul Demoshong, the sacred hidden land blessed by Guru Padmasambhava.
As specified by its Settlor, Tenzing Tobgyal Wangchuk Sisum Namgyal, Chogyal of Sikkim, The Tsuklakhang Trust endeavours to uphold and propagate for the benefit of all sentient beings the traditional, religious and social customs, ceremonies and teachings as expounded by Guru Rinpoche, introduced into Sikkim by the Naljor Che-zhi and patronized by successive Chogyals of Sikkim.
Therefore, in recognition of the selfless service and contribution made towards  preserving the ageless tradition of the unique Sikkimese festival of Pang Lhabsol, The Tsuklakhang Trust is pleased  to honour Bongthing Ren Pem Tshering Lepcha with this citation and offer good wishes and sincere prayers for his long and healthy life.
May he be blessed by the Triple Gems forever!
Tashi Deleg

Place: Tsuklakhang, Gangtok
Date: 7th April, 2013

Sd/-                                                                 Sd/-                                       Sd/-
(Namgyal T. Bhutia)                       (Tsetop Ragasha)                         Chief Guest            
Secretary                                          Managing Trustee                       Dorje Lopon
The Tsuklakhang Trust               The Tsuklakhang Trust            Pemayangtse Monastery